Polonnaruwa

As a cornerstone of the Cultural Triangle, Polonnaruwa stands as a magnificent testament to Sri Lanka’s medieval engineering and religious devotion. Transitioning from the ancient ruins of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa became the island’s second capital in 1070 AD. Today, it is a protected UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering travelers a rare glimpse into a golden era of Sinhalese craftsmanship.

Whether you are a history buff or a photography enthusiast, exploring the well-preserved palaces and shrines of Polonnaruwa is an essential part of any Sri Lanka tour itinerary.

Top Things to See in Polonnaruwa

1. The Royal Palace (Vijayanta Prasada)

The remains of King Parakramabahu the Great’s palace showcase the sheer scale of medieval architecture. Originally a seven-story building with a thousand rooms, the surviving massive brick walls and the nearby Royal Bath (Kumara Pokuna) highlight the luxury of ancient royalty.

2. Gal Vihara: The Pinnacle of Rock Carving

No visit to Polonnaruwa is complete without witnessing the Gal Vihara. This rock temple features four colossal Buddha statues carved out of a single granite cliff. The 14-meter reclining Buddha and the standing figure with a rare sorrowful expression are considered masterpieces of South Asian art.

3. The Polonnaruwa Quadrangle (Dalada Maluva)

This is the most sacred ground in the city. It houses the Vatadage, a circular relic house famous for its beautiful stone “moonstones” and guard stones. You will also find the Hatadage, which once protected the Sacred Tooth Relic now kept in Kandy.

4. Parakrama Samudra (The Sea of Parakrama)

This man-made reservoir is a marvel of ancient irrigation. Built to ensure the kingdom remained fertile year-round, it is so large that it creates its own microclimate. It remains a vital water source for farmers today and provides a stunning backdrop for sunset views.

5. Lankatilaka Image House

A soaring brick structure that reaches 17 meters in height, the Lankatilaka is an architectural wonder. Inside, a giant headless Buddha statue stands between narrow, towering walls, creating a powerful atmosphere of ancient spirituality.